Compare and Contrast of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Essay

Look into of The Jungle by Upton Sinclair and Fast Food Nation by Eric Schlosser - Essay Example Do the works of the writers, Upton Sinclair and Eric Schlosser have the dormant solidarity to change the worth frameworks and convictions of the perusers for all time? Schlosser makes the perusers considers every option and accomplishes the reason to persuade people in general to change their perspectives on the inexpensive food industry, and change the current states of the business by singular activity and gathering fights. The conversations among the perusers have made a solid entryway against the meat handling industry. Sinclair has various kinds of desire and his compositions are politically roused. He wishes to advance the reason for communism and he attempts to persuade his perusers to switch their psychological set-up. He presents a case before them in his sincere endeavors to veer them round to the communist standards. Enthusiastic substance and the realities identified with the issue: Comparatively, Fast Food Nation claims firmly to the reader’s feeling of ethos, tenderness and logos and it completely accomplishes its motivation. Schlosser starts the book with an unmistakable notice to the American individuals. He composes, â€Å"Hundreds of a large number of individuals purchase inexpensive food consistently without really thinking about it, unconscious of the unpretentious and not all that inconspicuous consequences of their buys. They seldom consider where this food originated from, how it was made, what it is doing to the network around them. They simply snatch their plate off the counter, locate a table, sit down, un-wrap the paper and burrow in.... They should recognize what truly sneaks between those sesame-seed buns. As the well-known adage goes: You are what you eat, (Schlosser, p. 10). It fuels an everlasting mindfulness among the perusers and brings out battling soul against the current brutal patterns that have gotten pat of the way of life of the meat handling industry. The Jungle takes to the way of publicity writing and the peruser stays unconvinced about the issues raised and the arrangements offered. Communism is Sinclair’s perspective on life, not the

Colonial Rule in Africa Essay

â€Å"Enlarge the spot of your tent, stretch your tent window ornaments wide, don't keep down; extend your strings, fortify your stakes.New Living Translation ( ©2007) â€Å"Enlarge your home; form an expansion. Spread out your home, and extra no expense!English Standard Version ( ©2001) â€Å"Enlarge the spot of your tent, and let the drapes of your residences be loosened up; don't keep down; protract your ropes and fortify your stakes.New American Standard Bible ( ©1995) â€Å"Enlarge the spot of your tent; Stretch out the blinds of your abodes, save not; Lengthen your strings And reinforce your pegs.King James Bible (Cambridge Ed.) Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them stretch forward the window ornaments of thine homes: save not, extend thy ropes, and fortify thy stakes;GOD’S WORD ® Translation ( ©1995) Expand the space of your tent. Loosen up the blinds of your tent, and don’t keep down. Protract your tent ropes, and drive in the tent pegs.King James 2000 Bible ( ©2003) Enlarge the spot of your tent, and let them stretch forward the blinds of your homes: save not, extend your strings, and fortify your stakes;American King James Version Enlarge the spot of your tent, and let them stretch forward the shades of your residences: save not, protract your ropes, and reinforce your stakes;American Standard Version Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them stretch forward the window ornaments of thy homes; save not: stretch thy ropes, and reinforce thy stakes.Douay-Rheims Bible Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and loosen up the skins of thy sanctuaries, save not: stretch thy ropes, and reinforce thy stakes. Darby Bible Translation Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them stretch forward the draperies of thy residences: save not, protract thy ropes, and reinforce thy stakes.English Revised Version Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them stretch forward the shades of thine homes; save not: extend thy ropes, and fortify thy stakes.Webster’s Bible Translation Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them expand the blinds of thy homes: save not, extend thy ropes, and reinforce thy stakes;World English Bible â€Å"Enlarge the spot of your tent, and let them stretch forward the window ornaments of your homes; don’t save: extend your lines, and reinforce your stakes.Young’s Literal Translation Enlarge the spot of thy tent, And the blinds of thy sanctuaries they loosen up, Restrain not †stretch thy lines, And thy pins make strong.| | Barnes’ Notes on the BibleEnlarge the spot of thy tent †a similar thought happens in Isaiah 49:19-20 (see the notes at that part). The shades of thy residences. The word ‘curtain’ doesn't exactly communicate the sense here. It is normally with us used to mean the material hanging round. a bed or at a window, which might be spread or drawn aside at delight, or the hanging in theaters to cover the phase from the observers. The word here, nonetheless, signifies the overhang or fabric utilized in a tent; and the thought is, that the limits of the congregation were to be enormously extended, so as to suit the tremendous increase from the agnostic world.Spare not †Do not be stingy in the arrangement of the materials for significantly amplifying the tent to stay in.Lengthen thy ropes †(See the note at Isaiah 33:20). Gill’s Exposition of the Entire BibleEnlarge the spot of thy tent,†¦. To which the congregation is thought about, due to its questionable and portable condition, being now and then in one spot, and at times in another; and as a result of its outward unpleasantness and shortcoming, just as its little degree; however now it is connoted that it ought to be expanded, and room be made for a promotion of in habitants to it; or, as it were, that the Gospel church state ought not be kept to Jerusalem, yet should occur in different pieces of Judea, and in Galilee, and in Samaria; consequently we read of chapels in those spots, Acts 9:31, and let them stretch forward the drapes of thine home; implying the window ornaments of which tents or sanctuaries were made, which used to be loosened up on posts or stakes, so as to make more space, and hold more individuals. This may regard the spreading of the Gospel by the witnesses, who might be here implied, and its achievement, particularly among the Gentiles; who might be said to loosen up the window ornaments of the t ent, the congregation, when, as indicated by their bonus, they proceeded to lecture the Gospel to each animal. First they went similar to Phoenicia, Cyprus, and Antioch, lecturing the Jews just; however when they entirely dismissed the Gospel, they went to the Gentiles, and went wherever lecturing the word, Acts 11:19, and their service was honored to the transformation of hoards, and Gospel houses of worship were set up in all pieces of the world. The Apostle Paul was a prominent instrument of extending these window ornaments, who went from Jerusalem, circuitous to Illyricum, completely lecturing the Gospel of Christ, Romans 15:19, save not: any expense or torments, to spread the Gospel, develop the enthusiasm of Christ, and increment his congregation and individuals; as didn't the witnesses of Christ, who might should be the people here tended to: protract thy lines, and reinforce thy stakes; the draperies being loosened up, it was fundamental the lines, to which they were secured, ought to be stretched, that they may arrive at further, and take in a more prominent compass; and the more ext ensive the tent is made by such methods, the more grounded ought to be the fights, and the more clearly should they be drove and fixed in the earth, to hold the lines with the blinds bound unto them; all which express the augmentation of the congregation in the Gentile world, by methods for the Gospel service and control. The Targum is, â€Å"multiply the individuals of thy camp, and fortify the governors.† Keil and Delitzsch Biblical Commentary on the Old TestamentWith this possibility before her, even her home would require developing. â€Å"Enlarge the space of thy tent, and let them loosen up the drapes of thy residences; prohibit not! stretch thy lines, and secure thy plugs.† She is to broaden out the space inside her tent, and they (יטö ¼Ã—•ö ¼ has no unequivocal subject, which is frequently the situation where some subordinate worker is to be thought of) are to spread out far and wide the covers of the system of her home, which is called mishkenoì„th (in the plural) by virtue of its largeness and superbness: she isn't to disallow it, thinking in her shortcoming of confidence, â€Å"It is sufficient all things considered; it would be too large.† The ropes which hold up the dividers, she is to protract; and the fittings, to which the lines are attached, she is t o slam quick into the earth: the previous on the grounds that the tent (i.e., the blessed city, Jeremiah 31:38-40, and the home of the congregation for the most part, Isaiah 26:15) needs to get countless occupants; the last since it won't be separated so soon once more (Isaiah 33:20). Geneva Study Bible{c} Enlarge the spot of thy tent, and let them expand the drapes of thy homes: save not, protract thy lines, and reinforce thy stakes;(c) Signifying that for the extraordinary number of kids that God would give her, she would appear to need space to stop them.Wesley’s Notes54:2 Enlarge †That it might be equipped for the Gentiles, who will run to thee in incredible numbers. Reinforce †That they might have the option to help that incredible weight which the tents in this way developed, will be upon them.Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary2. (Isa 49:19, 20; Jer 31:31-36, 38, 39). Thy kids will be numerous to the point that thy outskirts must be stretched out to contain them.curtains-the fabric framing the covering of the tent.spare not-give liberally the methods for the growth of the Church (2Co 9:5-7).cords . stakes-The more the tent is developed by extending the lines by which the fabric covering is attached to the ground, the more the stakes sup porting the tent should be fortified; the Church isn't simply to look for new proselytes, yet to fortify those she has in the confidence. The picture is suitable, as the sanctuary was the image of the old Israelitish Church (see on [855]Isa 33:20).Matthew Henry’s Concise Commentary54:1-5 Observe the low condition of religion on the planet, for quite a while before Christianity was gotten. In any case, by lecturing the gospel, hoards were changed over from icons to the living God. This is matter of incredible celebrating to the congregation. The limits of the congregation were expanded. In spite of the fact that its state on earth is nevertheless mean and portable, similar to a tent or sanctuary, it is now and then a developing state, and should be expanded as the family increments. In any case, the more various the congregation develops, the more she should invigorate herself against blunders and defilements. Thy Maker is thy Husband. Christ is the Holy One of Israel, the Mediator of the contract made with the Old Testament church. Long he had been known as the God of Israel; however now he will be known as the God of the entire earth. Also, he will scrub from transgression, and cause each obvious adherent to celebrate in this hallowed association. We never would enough be able to appreciate this leniency, or appropriately esteem this benefit. | Genesis 26:22 He proceeded onward from that point and burrowed another well, and nobody fought about it. He named it Rehoboth, saying, â€Å"Now the LORD has given us room and we will thrive in the land.†Exodus 35:18 the tent pegs for the sanctuary and for the patio, and their ropes;Exodus 39:40 the shades of the yard with its posts and bases, and the blind for the passage to the yard; the ropes and tent pegs for the yard; all the goods for the sanctuary, the Tent of Meeting;Isaiah 26:15 You have expanded the country, O LORD; you have broadened the country. You have picked up wonder for yourself; you have broadened all the outskirts of the land.Isaiah 33:20

Discursive Essay Topics

Discursive Essay TopicsWhen you start the process of writing a topic based essay in English, you will encounter two main choices. You can either choose essay topics for college or graduate level courses. There are other types of subjects such as work at home, internships, and other types of research projects, that you may want to write about. But, if you want to write an essay topic based on a specific academic department, then you have to think about what subject would best suit your purposes.When you take the time to read the academic catalogs, you will see there are different types of subjects. They are divided into several categories such as 'vocational' subjects, which are focused on the general goals of individuals pursuing work-related careers. In this section, you should look at the things you can do to write with passion and confidence. If you are unsure about your abilities, you should set up an essay project where you will learn how to write with confidence.Some of the sub jects you can get into include communications, arts, business, education, English, engineering, humanities, nursing, psychology, and social sciences. Depending on your school, you may be able to choose from many subjects within each of these areas. After you identify the type of topic you want to write about, then you can start thinking about what you can write about. Have a rough idea of what you would like to write about. You should also know the different types of academic papers that are available.Your goal in writing an essay is to tell a story or express a feeling. To write with confidence, you should know which type of paper will best suit your purpose. You can try to research your topic and try to determine which types of topics are covered by your chosen academic department. Then, you can start choosing topics and writing your topic based essay.This makes it easier because you already know which types of academic subjects are offered. You can also go online and start lookin g for topics to write about. You will need to read as many essay topic based articles as you can find to learn how to create your own discursive essay topics.Then, you will need to work with professional editors to help you write your article. You will learn how to use academic words and structure to communicate your meaning effectively. These are all important tools to having a good and interesting essay. Once you have learned how to use these tools, you will be ready to write a discursive essay topic based on your chosen subject.Your essay will be the first step in developing your writing skills so you can improve upon your discursive essay topics. You will learn how to develop themes and styles that will appeal to your audience. You will also learn to write sentences that make sense and that are easy to understand. Once you have these skills, you will be able to write a discursive essay topic based on your chosen subject and audience.Once you have a topic, you will be ready to wr ite your discursive essay topics. There are many topics available. Go online and search for the right subject to write about, and you will find one that best suits your needs.

Taking a Look at Critical Literacy - 595 Words

1. What were your prior knowledge and thoughts about critical literacy before this weeks readings? What does critical literacy mean to you now after having read the articles and watching the video? https://www.teachingchannel.org/videos/ela-challenge-the-book My previous understanding for this term is based on the word critical, I thought that this term means the ability of being litrary critical. Student who enjoy such an ability is an excellent reader who could extract ideas from a varities of texts without much difficulities. The idea that I have right now is that being critical reader, means that the reader is being able to understand the text and its context and implement that in their learning. In addition, texts prompt students to raise questions. To sum up, the idea of critical literacy is, learners should scrutinize everything they read and then they use that stragteies or techniques in their future learning. Among the three articles on critical literacy, which one stood out to you the most? Explain why. I like McDaniel( 2004) and the point that I like most in her article is that all books can be used to represent materials that support critical literacy. Preparing a critical reader does not mean preparing a student who could only extract ideas in short time. Being critical means that learners could visualize the context of what they read. McDaniel represent reading materials as potential resources for our students. She represent Brownes Voices in theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Critical Literacy and Pedagogy1412 Words   |  6 Pagesthat we get our knowledge through, critical literacy is a valuable tool and ability that should be recalled and available for all readers. More specific, it should be transferred by teachers to students in all educational environment. It is an important ability for students to have towards texts. And redefining texts to any devices or materials that we are getting the knowledge from, is the first step toward understanding critical literacy. Beside how criti cal literacy spreads the awareness of lookingRead MoreThe Importance Of Literacy In Education1263 Words   |  6 Pagesnew literacy skills in order to adapt to the rapid changes and technology advancements in our society. Literacy is the ability to read and write, however, adolescents are expected to read and write at a certain level that will make them successful in today’s world. The ability to be literate allows people to accomplish many things in life because it improves one’s self-esteem, economic opportunities, and engagement with others. There have been problems with how adolescents use their literacy skillsRead MoreCritical Reflection On The Course Experience Essay1197 Words   |  5 PagesDee Cornell Instructor Thomas Riddle Hum 115 –FJT -06 April 29, 2016 Critical Reflection on the Course Experience in Humanities 115 I have not always been a critical thinker, but throughout my course of study at Guilford Technical Community College (GTCC), I have considerably progressed in academic discipline that allows my critical analysis skills from the beginning of the semester flourish to now. Taking Humanities 115, critical thinking enable this success throughout my semester courses. It wasRead MoreMedia Literacy Is Not Just Important1401 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Media literacy is not just important, it’s absolutely critical. It’s going to make the difference between whether kids are a tool of the mass media or whether the mass media is a tool for kids to use† (Linda Ellerbee). In a culture enthralled by the media, the concept of â€Å"Media Literacy† has been one that has materialized multiple definitions. But the most commonly used is that media literacy is the ability to access, analyze, evaluate and produce media in a variety of forms. Since the advent ofRead MoreImprovi ng Reading Comprehension and Critical Thinking Skills in Middle School Students1566 Words   |  7 Pagesclasses are only required in sixth grade. In seventh and eighth grade reading classes can be taken as an elective class. I strongly feel that all students in middle school still need guidance and continuous practice with reading comprehension and critical thinking skills. Students who are beyond a sixth grade reading class are not getting these reading skills that can be applied in all other academic classes. As a teacher I can not change the fact that the school principal has decided that studentsRead Morescientific literacy Essay1687 Words   |  7 PagesScientific literacy Introduction and audience When talk about science, perhaps majority of us think it is less relative with real life. However, as society developed, science encompassed us everywhere. This situation forces everyone to acquire the ability to learn and understand science. Some may think that, scientific literacy is what a scientist should have and nothing about normal people, however it is just too narrow. Look around the surroundings of us, everything is conned with science. AlsoRead MoreThe Benefits Of Video Games And Modern Technology1130 Words   |  5 Pagesclearly identified that boys seek texts that are purposeful, engaging, meaningful and interesting to them. They all demonstrate sophisticated vocabularies, concepts, range of texts and multi-modal structures. Video games combines all these complex literacy skills in one and provides all those skills that children can attain from playing video games. Video games improve problem-solving skills, imagination and positive engagement with computers. Imagination is essential to excel in playing video gamesRead MoreLiteracy Is The Key Factor For The Community882 Words   |  4 PagesBased off of our multimodal argument project my definition of literacy has changed before I thought of literacy as an ability to read, write and understand things. Working on this project really opened up my eyes to what literacy really means it’s beyond just being able to read, write and understand and everyone has their own unique literacy which makes them special. Literacy is a necessity for humans and it is their right to knowledge. Throughout this project I realized that my prior knowledge aboutRead MoreEssay about Technology and Literacy1668 Words   |  7 PagesTechnology and Literacy According to Eric Havelock, â€Å"Greek literacy changed not only the means of communication, but also the shape of the Greek consciousness. The Greek story is self-contained, yet the crisis in the communication which it describes as taking place in antiquity acquires a larger dimension when measured against what appears to be a similar crisis in modernity† (17). In developing his conviction, Havelock focuses on the works of Homer and Hesiod: As written,Read MoreChapter Two : Review Of Literature1584 Words   |  7 Pagesaddressing the needs of culturally and linguistically diverse students is a growing challenge in the United States. In light of what is known about how children learn and the best practices in literacy instruction, what is the most effective way to teach reading to elementary students acquiring English? 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Designing A Common Web Based System For The University Essay

Abstract—Student Tracking System is a fully functional and easy to use, integrated, secure web application, designed to meet the unique information management needs for students, faculties and for administrators; providing innovative tools to save time and help them achieve their goals. The goal of this project is to create a common web based system for the university; which would allow administrators to manage programs, courses, prerequisites, class schedules for each department at single place throghout any quarter; and this would allow faculties to monitor students’ academic progress; manage class SCHEDULE; to approve or to decline the students’ permission to enroll in his class; track number of enrolled students as well as number of pending students for enrollment, to post assignments, to view students submitted solutions for the assignments or homework ; to post the grades and assignments through this web application and also allowing students to view thei r current quarter class schedule, grades, assignments and assignment scores, and also allows them to register classes. Not only this, but students can also obtain guidance regarding the courses to be taken based on the priorities such as Prerequisites, Core courses or Electives. Additionally, the system provides a secure file submittal system, through which students can submit assignments or homework in electronic format directly to instructors. Keywords-web-based system; e-learning; student tracking I. INTRODUCTIONShow MoreRelatedWebsite Development for the Australian Education Consultancy Global1676 Words   |  7 Pagesanalysis We are going to develop this project for the company AEC Global. Actually this website will be very helpful for students, because here we provide Australia study guide. It contains the information’s about a. Education Services †¢ Universities †¢ Courses †¢ Scholarships b. Career Counseling c. Migration Service d. airport pickup/accommodation for students e. Fees structure f. VISA Application procedure 1.1. Project Title Our project is related to the Australian Education ConsultancyRead MoreSystems Analysis Design And Project Management Individual Assignment1371 Words   |  6 Pages Systems analysis design and project management Individual Assignment Raad Alteimeh University of North Alabama CIS 625-I03 Enterprise Systems Analysis Design Professor David Nickels System analysis and design Information system analysis and design is a complex, challenging, and stimulating organizational process that a team of business and systems professionals uses to develop and maintain computer-based information systems (Valacich, J. S., George, J. F. (2017). It is a process thatRead More Distance Learning Essay1627 Words   |  7 Pagesshorthand, came up with an idea for delivering instruction to a potentially limitless audience: correspondence courses by mail. By the 1900s, the first department of correspondence teaching was established at the University of Chicago. 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The problems relating to this research are the various factors that arise in the provision of web-based instruction. These various factors include variables of interest that pertain to particular successes and barriers in which web-based instructors have encountered. For purposes of this research, online and web-based instruction (instructors) will refer only to higher education environments provided through universities and colleges. The underlyingRead MoreStrategic Human Resource Management : A Field Evolved Over The Years1316 Words   |  6 Pages Strategic Human Resource Management Reynaldo Navarro University of the Southwest â€Æ' How has strategic human resource management as a field evolved over the years? What are the practices that are likely to bring forth better performance with regards to strategic human resource management? Strategic human resource management deals with strategies used by business enterprises and companies as means of the improving and measuring performance. It is important to understand these strategiesRead MoreInside Storage Resources And Services Essay1457 Words   |  6 Pages ABSTRACT Today’s world is about to cloud storage resources and services. Main advantage of cloud service is that they are available 24/7 anywhere. Pocket Drive is also one part of services which cloud storage provides. It is web application which provides 100MB of free storage where you can store your files, images, audio, videos and documents. You can extend this storage limit by paying small amount per month. CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Project Summary :- Pocket drive Application is about storing

Overfished Oceans - 868 Words

How Can Overfishing of Our Oceans Be Prevented? Oceans cover much of the world. They contain many fish that are the primary diets for many nations. The ocean ecosystem is vital to all life. For a long time, it was believed that there was no end to the amount of fish in the ocean. It was thought there was endless supply. That belief has changed and our oceans are being overfished to the point that some fish species have collapsed and many more are in danger. Overfishing is not just endangering the fish that live in the ocean, but it negatively affects the whole ecosystem. (oceanworld.com) Overfishing is an amount of fish than cannot sustain itself. (Fisheries and Oceans of Canada, 2009). Overfishing reduces the fish that are†¦show more content†¦On a personal level, we can buy and consume less products made with fish, such as paint. We can vote and voice our opinion. On a larger scale, laws about trawling should be enacted. Dragging the net along bottom of the oc ean is damaging many small, soft animals and organisms. Studies show that areas trawled often, have â€Å"radically different and unnatural ecosystems.† (Noyes, 2009). Regulations have not all been effective in the past. Aquacultures need to be reduced in the future and marine zoned reserves protected. There are many land zones that cannot be exploited there should be more marine reserves. This has proven most effective in the past. [pic] Copyright 2005  © Mark Jeantheau — All rights reserved. Greenberg, P. (2010). Time for a Sea Change. National Geographic (Vol. 218, No. 4). October, 2010. Jeantheau, M. (2005). Pretty Mermaids are Always Over Fishing for Compliments: The Causes and Effects of Overfishing. Retrieved from http://www.grinningplanet.com on 01/31/2011. Ocean World (2010). Retrieved from http://www.oceanworld.tamu.edu/students/fisheries on 01/24/2011. Sea the Sea.org. Retrieved from http://see-the-sea.org/topics/commerce/overfishing.htm on 01/25/2011. Fisheries and Oceans Canada. (2009). Retrieved from http://www.dfo-mpo\ on 01/27/2011. Noyes, J.T. Overfishing. Oceanography. Retrieved from http://elcamino.edu/faculty on 01/29/2011.Show MoreRelatedThe Negative Human Impacts On The Oceans1104 Words   |  5 PagesThe Negative Human Impacts on the Oceans It was Mihaljo Mesarovic, the author of â€Å"Mankind at the Turning Point†, who once said â€Å"The Earth has cancer and the cancer is man†. He was definitely onto something. In fact, humans have had a major negative impact on the world’s marine environment. Throughout recent human history, it has been obvious that the wellbeing of the marine environment has been in jeopardy. Pollution of the ocean, overfishing and the greenhouse gases these are all the aspects thatRead MoreThe Origins of a Newly Formed Toxic Algae in the Ocean1037 Words   |  5 PagesRecently, scientists have been noticing a quite thing occurring in the ocean that had never been seen before. Scientists have been recently finding a new type of algae in the ocean that does not have very great effects on the environment. Many say that this alga is probably a type of algae that is similar to the ones that grew millions of years ago; this alga is toxic though. It releases terrible pungent odors t hat can affect health. This algae was first discovered in Australia by fisherman and isRead MoreNegative Effects Of Overfishing1997 Words   |  8 PagesMany people tend to not realize what goes on with the everyday life with oceans. Not just what occurs in the oceans, but what humans are doing to the oceans. One of the multiple negative impacts that humans have to the oceans include overfishing. Everyday, fish are caught by the hundreds because of humans, which plays a major impact on marine life. As the the days, months, and years go by, marine life within the oceans becomes less healthy due to overfishing by humans. Overfishing has been occurringRead MoreFishing for Trouble Essay1710 Words   |  7 Pages47 percent of Atlantic stocks have been overfished† (Jolly). These percentages show how overfishing has spread throughout almost the entire Mediterranean Sea and half of the Atlantic Ocean. If overfishing continues to happen in these two areas, it can spread to even furth er areas, eventually affecting all water bodies. When fish populations are low in one area, fishing boats will need to move to another area where fish are more abundant. This renders oceans and their sea life helpless and severelyRead MoreOverfishing Is A Serious Problem1260 Words   |  6 Pagespercent of the world’s oceans are marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs not only help protect oceans by allowing habitats to recover from damage caused by overfishing but also allow fish to safely reproduce. Due to fishing fish faster then they can reproduce, many species of fish are going endangered or already endangered of being extinct. Species like whales, dungongs, sea cows, codfish, jewfish, sharks, and other marine vertebrates are examples of fish that are being overfished. Overfishing was addressedRead MoreHuman Race And Its Effects On The Ocean1378 Words   |  6 Pagesbiomass is placed in the ocean, taking up 70% of the Earth’s surface. Studies have shown that 20% of the world’s protein is extracted from the ocean. Humans catch roughly 72 million tons of pelagic fish annually. We don’t just extract fish out of the ocean but also other resources such as oil, sand, gravel, salt and etc. Yes, we do extract resources from the ocean, but we don’t stop there, we continue to dump harmful substances such as 5 million tons of plastic back into the ocean. Asia alone has oneRead MoreAnalysis Of Seafarming At The End Of The World By Peter Meehan1096 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen in jeopardy. Pollution of the ocean, overfishing and the greenhouse gases these are all the aspects that can cause the destroying of the precious environments, such as reefs, sea-grass and coastal habitats. According to the essay and interview â€Å"Seafarming at the End of the World†, written by Peter Meehan, he presents the fact that human impact on the ocean is the main reason that causes the awful situation of marine ecosystem and organisms. Although the ocean covers approximately two thirds ofRead MoreOverfishing Of The Worlds Ocean1757 Words   |  8 PagesWorld’s Ocean Specific purpose: To persuade my audience that overfishing in the world’s oceans are a problem, and propose a policy to change and rectify the situation. Thesis: A global issue concerning the entire planet has arisen as we have overfished our world s oceans, and the solution to this problem is imperative in order to resolve this global problem. Pattern of organization: Problem/Solution Introduction [Attention Getter] How many of you enjoy seafood? How many of you enjoy the ocean and theRead MoreFood Security Is A Basic Right Of Man And An Essential Condition For A Populace1606 Words   |  7 Pagesdeclining health of the ocean which the paper below is going to highlight. Major threats to these oceans such as unsustainable fishing, pollution, and climate change and aquaculture impact are going to be highlighted. 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Silverthorn(2012) by Kamelot free essay sample

Staying in the modern era of Kamelot, their 2012 is the first album to not feature former vocalist Thomas Youngblood. Now this doeas not detracked anything from the album, in fact it gives a nice change of pase when compared to some of the older ones. Following more of the Epica/Ghost Opera styles of Kamelot, this album includes many singles as well to help new fans get into the band like Falling Like the Farenheit, Ashes to Ashes, and Sacrimony. The album is a fun ride front to back especially with the 8 minute epic just ending off the album. I can see a bright future for the men of Tampa, Florida. I also expect a new album soon so, Ill be waiting for that. Of course with the new vocalist there could be some issues with the fans because of how much they knew about Tom, but to me, this guy doesnt sound that much different from Tom so I dont exactly see your issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Silverthorn(2012) by Kamelot or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its like comparing Bruce Dickingson and Blaze Bayley, the only difference is that Blaze has a slightly deeper voice which he does use to his advantage at times in X-Factor but otherwise, nothing else. Also, the band isnt exactly Shakespeare with lyrics but tracks like Song For Jolee or Torn are awesome lyrically. Overall, one of the best of 2012 and it goes to show that a little step can go a long way. As if I didnt like this band before, this is one of the reasons why Im proud to be Floridian. 9.5/10. This is the Grim Reaper, signing off.

Success Quotes free essay sample

The person who gets the farthest is generally the one who is willing to do and dare. The sure-thing boat never gets far from shore. -Dale Carnegie 1. Most successful men have not achieved their distinction by having some new talent or opportunity presented to them. They have developed the opportunity that was at hand. Bruce Barton 2. Would you like me to give you a formula for success? Its quite simple, really. Double your rate of failure. You are thinking of failure as the enemy of success. But it isnt at all. You can be discouraged by failure or you can learn from it, So go ahead and make mistakes. Make all you can. Because remember that? s where you will find success. Thomas J. Watson 3. The successful always has a number of projects planned, to which he looks forward. Anyone of them could change the course of his life overnight. We will write a custom essay sample on Success Quotes or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page -Mark Caine 4. There are three ingredients in the good life: learning, earning and yearning. Christopher Morley 5. There are three ingredients in the good life: learning, earning and yearning. 6. When a man feels throbbing within him the power to do what he undertakes as well as it can possibly be done, this is happiness, this is success. Orison Swett Marden 7. Pity the man who inherits a million and isnt a millionaire. Heres what would be pitiful,if your income grew and you didnt. The great successful men of the world have used their imagination? they think ahead and create their mental picture in all its details, filling in here, adding a little there, altering this a bit and that a bit, but steadily building steadily building. Robert Collier 8. Success doesnt come to you? you go to it. Marva Collins 9. The difference between a successful person and others is not a lack of strength, not a lack of knowledge, but rather in a lack of will. Vincent T. Lombardi

Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essays

Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essays Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essay Javier Mason is the owner of a large shopping Essay Javier Mason is the proprietor of a big shopping composite in the freshly constructed commercial Centre of Leedstown. The freehold land owned by Javier is unregistered land. In 1989, he granted by deed a rental of store one to Giuseppe, a vino importer and retail merchant, for a term of 35 old ages. As portion of the footings of the rental, Giuseppe compacts with Javier as follows: * non to utilize the premises as a bar/ eating house or for the ingestion of intoxicant and nutrient on the premises, * to maintain the premises in a good province of fix, * non to transport out any changes to the premises * non to blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional stuff * non to delegate or sub-let without Javier Mason s anterior written consent * non to use Antoine ( a challenger shopping developer ) in any capacity The rental besides contains a right of re-entry. In 2005, Giuseppe won the lottery and decided to retire to Italy and assigned the rental of store one by title to Mathieu, a restauranter and successful saloon proprietor. Javier s written consent is obtained for the assignment in conformity with the rental. After taking the assignment, Mathieu decides to change over store one into Rioja Rioja , a new premiss of his successful saloon franchise, without informing Javier Mason. Antoine, Mathieu s cousin, provided commercial advice in a consultancy capacity on the undertaking. As portion of the transition works, Mathieu, on the advice of Antonie, demolishes two walls at the rear of the belongings in order to make a larger seating country. At around the same clip as the rental to Giuseppe is granted, store two is leased to Carlos who runs a successful humanistic disciplines and trade store for a figure of old ages. After his boy Pascel graduates from Art School he decides to sub-let the rental for store two to his boy. He sets up a store called Art Really Matters . Pascel is an first-class creative person but is comparatively inexperienced in the field of concern. Some six months after being granted the sublease, Pascel experiences fiscal jobs and is unable to pay rent to his male parent Carlos, who in bend can non pay Javier Mason. Detecting this, Javier Mason changes all the locks on store two late one dark and refuses to allow either Carlos or Pascel gain entry to shop two. Javier Mason now comes to you for advice and he has merely learnt of the transition work to shop one. He was so indignant that Antoine is on his belongings that he did nt see the Art exhibition being displayed outside Art Really Matters on his manner to this meeting. This resulted in him stumbling over the show and twisting his mortise joint. Advise Javier. Introduction: There are three issues that must be addressed in our advice to Javier: First, we must analyze the commissariats of the original rental understanding, and ascertain whether or non the attached compact comes within the range of s3-16 of the Landlord and Tenants ( Covenant ) Act 1995, in which instance, Javier would be able to take an action out against Mathieu straight for his breach of compact. It should be noted nevertheless that, if s3 of the Act does use, the rights conferred on Javier by the compact might be interpreted restrictively, under the general aims of this Act, which are, to restrict in certain fortunes the operation of rights of re-entry, forfeiture and disclaimer ; and for affiliated intents. [ 1 ] If s3 of the 1995 Act does non use to the compact in inquiry, and Mathieu can non be sued Javier for breach of compact, so might it be possible for Javier to action Giuseppe for the breach? If so, can Giuseppe indemnify himself against such a claim by virtuousness of s 77 ( 1 ) ( hundred ) of the Law of Property Act 1925. Second, sing the issues refering to shop figure two ; the inquiry here is whether Javier is within his rights to efficaciously end the rental by altering the locks and declining entry to shrivel the leaseholder, Carlos, or the sub-lessee, his boy Pascel. Finally, we must rede Javier as to possible claims he may hold against the proprietor of the Art Really Matters’ mark, which was positioned outside the store, for the personal hurt he sustained as a consequence of tripping over the show, and besides for the breach of the term of the compact, which states, the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ . Let us turn to each of these issues in bend: 1 ] Did the compact in inquiry base on balls to Mathieu upon assignment of the rental? By virtuousness of s3 ( 1 ) of the Landlord and Tenants ( Covenant ) Act 1995, The benefit and load of all landlord and tenant compacts of a tenancy†¦ ( B ) shall in conformity with this subdivision base on balls on an assignment of the whole or any portion of those premises or of the reversion in them. This would be the instance whether or non Mathieu signed the compact upon transportation: S3 ( 5 ) of the Act states that, [ a ] New York landlord or tenant compact of a occupancy which is restrictive of the user of land shall, every bit good as being capable of enforcement against an assignee, be capable of being enforced against any other individual who is the proprietor or occupier of any demised premises to which the compact relates, even though there is no express proviso in the occupancy to that effect.S3 of the Act nevertheless merely applies to new tenancies’ , by virtuousness of s1 of the Act:Sections 3 to 16 and 21 apply merely to new occupancies. ( 2 ) Sections 17 to 20 apply to both new and other occupancies. ( 3 ) For the intents of this subdivision a occupancy is a new occupancy if it is granted on or after the day of the month on which this Act comes into force otherwise than in pursuit of ( a ) an understanding entered into before that date. In our instance, the Mathieu’s occupancy was made in pursuit of the earlier compact between Giuseppe and Javier in 1989, prior to the passage of the 1995 Act ; as such, merely s17, s18, s19 and s20 of the Act will use to the compact, and all these subdivisions are irrelevant to Javier’s possible claim. In this instance, in visible radiation of the fact that s3 of the 1995 Act can non use and in visible radiation of the fact that we are non told that Mathieu was made to subscribe a compact upon assignment, it would look that Mathieu is non bound by its footings ; the philosophy of Privity will therefore prevent Javier from being able to claim amendss from Mathieu, the assignee. Alternatively, Javier may try to claim against Giuseppe for Mathieu’s breach of the footings. In the absence of a guaranteed insurance understanding between Giuseppe and Mathieu, it would, prima facie, seem likely that Javier might win ; after all, it was Giuseppe who signed the compact, and therefore it was Giuseppe who should be bound for any subsequent breaches of its footings, even where he has later assigned the rental to a 3rd party. Giuseppe may be able to indemnity himself against this claim by virtuousness of s 77 ( 1 ) ( hundred ) of the Law of Property Act 1925, which states, †¦there shall be deemed to be included and implied, a compact to the consequence in this subdivision stated, by and such individuals as are hereinafter mentioned, that is to state: In a conveyance for valuable consideration, other than a mortgage, of the wholly of the land comprised in a rental, for the residue of the term or involvement created by the rental, a compact by the assignee or joint and several compacts by the assignees ( if more than one ) with the conveyance parties and with each of them ( if more than one ) in the footings set out in Part IX of the Second Schedule to this Act. I would hence reason by reding Javier to get down legal proceedings against Giuseppe for breach of compact, and Giuseppe may so be able to action Mathieu for his breach of implied compact to indemnify his ain liability against Javier. 2 ] Is Javier within his rights to efficaciously end the rental by altering the locks and declining entry to the leaseholder, Carlos, and the sub-lessee, his boy Pascel? If the premises are being used for concern intents merely, neither Pascel nor Carlos will be entitled to trust on the Protection from Eviction Act 1977 to acquire an order that Javier’s changing of the locks and effectual eviction was improper. If nevertheless, the premises are being used as a residence, every bit good as for the intents of concern, so s2 of the Eviction Act 1977 will use to give Pascel and Carlos a signifier of damages. S2 of the Eviction Act 1977 provinces: 2 ) In this subdivision the resident , in relation to any premises, means any individual legitimately shacking in the premises or portion of them at the expiration of the former occupancy. residential resident means a individual busying the premises as a abode, whether under a contract or by virtuousness of any passage or regulation of jurisprudence giving him the right to stay in business or curtailing the right of any other individual to retrieve ownership of the premises. ( 2B ) Subsections ( 1 ) and ( 2 ) above apply in relation to any premises occupied as a brooding under a license, other than an excluded license, as they apply in relation to premises allow as a brooding under a occupancy, and in those subdivisions the looks allow and occ upancy shall be construed consequently. In the instance of Pirabakaran v Patel and Another [ 2006 ] EWCA Civ 685, it was held that the phrase let as a dwelling’ , in s2 of the Protection from Eviction Act 1977, includes those premises which are let for both residential intents and besides for those of concern, e.g. a store with a level above it. In our instance, it we are non told if there is a level above store figure two, and so we can merely theorize ; if Pascel or Giuseppe use the premises for both residential and concern intents, so Javier’s actions were illegal under the proviso of s2 of the Eviction Act 1977. If the store is used merely for the intents of concern, so the rentals will efficaciously be deemed terminated at the minute that Javier entered the premises and changed the locks, preventing the entry of the leaseholders. We can assume from the facts that former will be the instance [ in visible radiation of the fact that there is no reference of the premises being used as a residence in the content of job inquiry at the top of this paper ] , in which instance the constabulary can collar Javier and he will, if convicted, either be fined or imprisoned by order of a magistrate. 3 ] What action can Javier take against Carlos/ Pascel in order to be compensated for ( I ) the personal hurt he sustained as a consequence of the obstructor of the main road and ( two ) their breach of the term of the compact, which states, the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ ? ( I ) Sing a possible claim in the civil wrong of carelessness for the personal hurt, which Javier has sustained, the relevant jurisprudence is contained in the Occupiers Liability Act. In visible radiation of the fact that Javier has a right to come in the premises, as per the compact between him and Carlos, Javier would be considered a visitant at jurisprudence, and as such the relevant jurisprudence is the Occupiers Liability Act 1957. Section 2 ( 1 ) of this Act provinces, An occupier of premises owes the same responsibility, the common responsibility of attention , to all his visitants, except in so far as he is free to and does widen, curtail, modify or except his responsibility to any visitant or visitants by understanding or otherwise. This responsibility is defined in s2 ( 2 ) of the Act as a responsibility to take such attention as in all the fortunes of the instance is sensible to see that the visitant will be moderately safe in utilizing the premises for the intents for which he is invited or permitted by the occupier to be there. I do non believe Javier would be successful in claiming the Carlos breached this responsibility ; whilst the mark should non hold been allowed to shack outside the store, s2 ( 3 ) ( B ) of the Act provinces: The fortunes relevant for the present intent include the grade of attention, and of privation of attention, which would normally be looked for in such a visitant, so that ( for illustration ) in proper cases- ( B ) an resident may anticipate that a individual, in the exercising of his naming, will appreciate and guard against any particular hazards normally incident to it, so far as the resident leaves him free to make so. Javier could hold seen the mark and would therefore be expected to avoid it. The facts provided even suggest that it was Javier’s hastiness and choler which caused him to hold the accident, and as such I do non experience that the Court would keep Carlos responsible. Javier may nevertheless be able to claim for his personal hurt through contract jurisp rudence: ( two ) Sing the breach of compact, Javier will be unable to action Pascel, the sub-lessee, because of the philosophy of privity of contract ; the compact, which states that the leaseholder must non blockade the precinct paseo with gross revenues or promotional material’ , was made between Javier and Carlos. Javier must therefore direct his action at the leaseholder Carlos ; Carlos will therefore be held responsible at jurisprudence for his son’s breach of compact, and unless an extra compact had been made, incorporating the same proviso refering to non-obstruction of the main road, between the leaseholder Carlos and his sub-lessee boy, Pascel, so Carlos will non be able to indemnify himself in protection from Javier’s claim. Carlos will therefore be apt for all amendss fluxing as a direct consequence of this breach, and this will include the losingss, which Javier may hold sustained as a consequence of holding a sprained mortise joint, every bit long as these losingss were a direct consequence of such breach. We are non told what losingss Javier in fact suffered as a consequence of his hurts, and so any decisions on this affair would be little more than guess. It should be noted nevertheless that, unlike amendss in the jurisprudence of civil wrong, pure economic losingss are claimable for breach of contract claims, and as such, Javier may claim for loss of net incomes as a consequence of his sprained mortise joint. Bibliography: Gray, K ( 2005 ) Elementss of Land Law, 4th erectile dysfunction. ( London: Butterworths ) . M.P. Thompson, Modern Land Law, ( 3rd edn, Oxford, 2003 ) Clarke and Kohler, Property Law: Commentary and Materials ; Cambridge University Press 2005 Roger Smith, Property Law ; Longman Law Series, 4th edn Longman, Harlow 2003 Winfield and Jolowicz on Tort’ edited by W.V.H. Rogers [ 2002 ] ; Sweet and Maxwell, London. Weir, Casebook on Tort. ( 9ThursdayEd ) Chapter 1 1

Statistics homework Speech or Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Statistics homework - Speech or Presentation Example ations, two standard deviations around arithmetic mean approximately cover 95% observations, 3 standard deviations around arithmetic mean approximately cover 99.7 % observations. A point estimate is based on a single estimated value of a parameter. Using the sample estimate, we can find the estimator by following any method of estimation. If we are encountering the situation of a biased data, a single Point-Estimate can falsify the analysis, so it is better to mention range as the actual population parameter value because if an estimate is given in terms of a range; it can absorb a little bias of the collected data. On the other hand, the range of interval can be increased by increasing the confidence level. It is better to comment on how much runs any player can make in a particular over in terms of a range rather than claiming a definite value. OR, whenever newly hired employees are being asked about the expected salary, majority prefers to state the expectation as a range instead of a single solid figure. For a given confidence interval a a population mean can be found by , therefore the margin of error is , which simply indicates that bigger the sample size smaller will be the confidence interval. Increased sample size always results in smaller limit using the same confidence level (1-ÃŽ ±). If the average amount of soft-drink in n=30 bottles is 248ml with the standard deviation = 2ml, then the possible 95% confidence interval for the average amount for all such bottles could be; 247.28 and 248.72. On the other hand, if we want to measure the confidence interval for 100 such bottles using the same formula, it will be 247.608 and 248.392. Confidence interval seems shrunk with increased sample

BS (Britsh standard) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

BS (Britsh standard) - Essay Example Managing obsolescence has been proved to be one of the major challenges for a graduate design engineer as obsolescence can adversely affect the life of products in almost all of their stages. The use of commercial parts in systems and the large increase in commercial products have accelerated the rate of obsolescence. As obsolescence is an inevitable part as far as various products are concerned, the only possible solution is to minimize the rate of obsolescence with proper and effective management strategies and planning: â€Å"Obsolescence is inevitable and it cannot be ignored but forethought and careful planning can minimize its impact and its potentially high costs† (British Standard p.1). Obsolescence management thus assumes special significance as it is â€Å"an integral part of design, development, production and in-service support† (British Standard p. 1). The British standard is significant and it is selected for the purpose of study due to its unavoidable imp ortance in effective design management systems. The British standard is relevant and significant to any graduate design engineer because it offers certain clear-cut guidelines â€Å"for establishing a framework for obsolescence management and for planning a cost-effective obsolescence management process that is applicable through all phases of the product life cycle† (British Standard p. 1). The standard is applied to all types of products whether they are electronic, electrical or electro-mechanical components. Thus, for a graduate design engineer a thorough knowledge of the various provisions that can ensure the quality and life cycle costs of various products. The process for selecting the British Standard on obsolescence management include the identification of the potential factors that cause o obsolescence, identification of the possible risks involved in the process, calculation of

FedEx, its business environment and who they are

FedEx, its business environment and who they are Introduction FedEx, originally known as FDX Corporation is a logistics services company who pioneered the modern air/ground express industry in 1971. The founder of FedEx is Frederick W. Smith and it is based in the United Stated with headquarters in Memphis, Tennessee. The name FedEx is a short form  of the name of the companys original air division,  Federal Express, which was used from year 1973 until year 2000. (Wikipedia, 2010)   Under the respected FedEx brand name, FedEx is offering integrated business applications through operating companies competing collectively and managed collaboratively. There are FedEx Express, FedEx Ground, FedEx Freight, FedEx Office, FedEx Custom Critical, FedEx Trade Networks, FedEx Supply Chain and FedEx Services. With more than 290,000 employees, FedEx currently serves more than 200 countries which include in the Asia Pacific, Europe, Middle East, Latin America and North America. (About FedEx, 2010) FedExs mission is to produce the superior financial returns for shareholders by providing high value-added supply chain, transportation, business and related information services through focused operating companies. Then FedEx has made a promise that customer requirements will be met in the maximum quality manner appropriate to each market segment served. Besides, FedEx will attempt to develop mutually rewarding relationships with its employees, partners and suppliers. (About FedEx: Mission Statement, 2010) FedEx and its business environment Technological environment Technology plays a very important role in delivery of the FedEx service. FedEx is setting the efficiency industry standard and customer service by using technology advanced and FedEx was do extremely well in anticipating and projecting demands of an environment that would depend and thrive on information. FedEx was the first to integrate wireless technology more than two decade ago and continues to develop and lead the industries in developing innovative wireless solutions. Hence, FedEx has developed an information systems network that enables customers and support personal to have wireless access anytime and anywhere. Then, FedEx implemented e-business application to improve the level of customer satisfaction as well as their overall transactions with the clients. The e-business system included a web or call centre service where the company can easily be informed of the status of the packages delivered. (About FedEx: FedEx Attributes Success to People-first Philosophy, 2010) Competitive environment There are two main competitors for FedEx which are DHL and UPS. UPS or United Parcel Service Inc. is the worlds largest  package delivery  company which headquartered in  Sandy Springs, Georgia,  United States. UPS delivers more than 15 million packages  a day to 6.1 million customers in more than 200 countries and territories around the world. UPS is well known for its  brown  trucks, internally known as package cars and UPS also operates its own airline based in Louisville, Kentucky where its World port air hub is also located. (Wikipedia: United Parcel Service, 2010) DHL Express  is a  division  of  Deutsche Post DHL  providing international  express mail  services which originally founded in 1969 and expanded its service throughout the world by the late 1970s. DHL expanded its services to countries that could not be served by any other delivery service, including the Eastern Bloc, Vietnam and the Peoples Republic of China. (Wikipedia: DHL Express, 2010) Cultural environment FedEx is more emphasized on a people-first philosophy, where respect for all people is a fundamental value and everyday business practice within the company. FedEx Corporation strives to create an environment where people can contribute and grow, and where the values of diversity are woven through the organization. Chapter 4: The Analysis of Customer Touch Points Types of customer touch points There are 3 types of customer touch points which are pre-purchase stage, purchase stage and post purchase stage. There are different ways and strategy that a company uses to set up these touch point with the customer in order to build a relationship. FedEx is also one of the companies that practice this customer touch point strategy. First customer touch point will be the pre-purchase stage which consists of 3 customer touch point method. The first one will be manageable communication tools such as advertising, public relations, point of sales materials, sponsorship and etc. FedEx have established many customer touch point in this area by using integrated marketing communication tools to build up relationship with the customer. Example: FedEx uses advertising tool to introduce the company and promote it product which is the delivery service that they provide are the best to the customer; Public relations tool is also in use where by FedEx held some press conferences or road shows to explain and demonstrate how well is their delivery service to the public customer; FedEx also having some sponsorship to quite a few major events around the world like Olympics, World cup and so on. Second are the non-manageable communication tools such as word of mouth, search engine, news cover and etc. Since these are non-manageable communication tools, FedEx cant control these tools but the only to create positive image is by producing good quality delivery service to the customer and satisfy them so that the customer will help spread some good word of mouth or even have a chance to get on some news cover page. Third are the company representatives such as salesperson, email, and recipient. If a customer wants to deliver a package by using FedEx service, they will need to encounter their salesperson, counter recipient or email to FedEx. Next , the second customer touch point will be the purchase stage which means that the customer making the purchase while come in contact with the company itself. Customer can purchase FedEx service by their e-commerce site, outlet store and confirm their purchasing order through fax or email that is very convenient for the customers. FedEx sells delivery services, so the main touch point from FedEx to the customer are the companys delivery truck, driver, delivery note and their employee. Customer can purchase the delivery service through FedEx website or directly through FedEx outlet and each parcel is attach with a location device that the customer can log on to FedEx tracking internet service to check whether the customer parcel is delivered successfully. The last customer touch point will be the post purchase stage where the company provides some after sales service to customer to ensure that the trading process is a satisfying experience for the customer. FedEx provides fine after sales service to the customer by providing complaint forms and calls to ensure that the customer that receives their delivery package will be in good shape and to improve on their service quality to ensure every delivery is up to the customer expectation. FedEx will also ensure the package will be delivered on time to the customer and the package will be in one good piece. If the package is damaged, lost or didnt received on time, customer can file a complaint to FedEx and FedEx will attain to the complaints. Track the experience along the touch points The objective is to track the experience at various customer touch points to develop an understanding of the customer thoughts and learn how the customer experience can be enriched. From above we know that there are 3 stages and each stage provides various touch points. The company need to track down the customer experience in each touch points to find out what information that the customer needs and what actual experience that they desire. The company can track the customer experience through the customer decision making process which consists of 5 stages: Need recognition, information search, and evaluation of alternative, purchase and post purchase. These 5 stages are categorized under the 3 type of customer touch point to help in tracking the customer experience. The first three: need recognition, information search and evaluation of alternative are fall under the Pre-purchase stage, while the other two falls under their respective stage. First, how FedEx gain need recognition from the customer? The answer is by advertising through the mass media like television, radio, internet and etc. By doing all these, customer will soon aware of FedEx and its delivery service. Next, after the customer needs recognition start, they will try to search for information about FedEx delivery services through word of mouth, internet search engine, counter recipient and etc. After the information search is done, customers will start evaluating FedEx delivery service and compare it against FedEx competitors such as UPS and DHL. The fourth stage will be the purchase stage where the customer purchases FedEx delivery service through internet, phone, retail outlet and etc. The package will be delivered after the confirmation of purchase based on how the customer chooses to be delivered. Once the package is delivered to the customer, post purchase stage starts. Customer will either feel satisfy or file up complaint to FedEx while FedEx need t o provide after sales service to ensure the satisfaction of the customer. Service Failure Reliability is very critical in service to every company but in all service contexts, service failure is inevitable because mistake or errors will always occur, nothing is perfect, what the company can do is to minimize the service failure. Especially for FedEx, a service company that sells mainly on their delivery service to the customer must up hold their service quality even though FedEx also will face service failure problems. Service failure occurs when the company service performance that falls below a customers expectations in such a way that leads and result into customer dissatisfaction. FedEx also occur service failure which create dissatisfaction to the customers. One of the cases is FedEx and its child company FedEx Ground having system differentiation, means that these two are two separate companies where FedEx cant manage or solve the problems or issues that occurs in the child company FedEx Ground. There are customers that facing some service problem with FedEx Ground because of their parcel wasnt delivered on time and somehow the parcel was found missing, the customers call up FedEx and ask for a solution but the FedEx staff just giving empty promises because FedEx cant interfere in FedEx Ground businesses although they are parent and child company relationship. When there is service failure, the company needs to think of a way, a strategy to response to it, to solve the problem, this is where service recovery happens. Service recovery refers to the actions that are taken by a firm in response to a service failure. FedEx provides money back guarantee service to the customer whenever there is a service failure occur, by doing this, FedEx hope to ensure customer will not feel dissatisfy with FedEx and continue using their service without spreading bad word of mouth that will result in negative image. FedEx also will attend to a customer complaint immediately to help the customer to solve his problem as soon as possible to maintain the customer satisfaction. Dissatisfied Consumer Behavior According to the Retail Customer Dissatisfaction Study 2006 by the Verde Group found out that 48% of the respondents reported that they will avoid a store because of someone elses negative experience, and for those who encountered problems, 33% said that they would definitely not or probably not return to the same company for their product and service. This shows that word of mouth can create a huge impact and influence on the company negative image; this can be referring as the exponential power of storytelling, as people tell the story of their bad experience with the company, the negativity is established and will grow eventually. There are some customers that encountered bad services with FedEx and this resulted in some serious issues. These dissatisfied customer wrote a post on their blogs or forums to express their feeling by telling the story that how they are treated by FedEx delivery services and they are also felt angry towards the attitude of FedEx customer service that do esnt treat them as important customer, so in the end they decided to change to purchasing FedEx competitor services like UPS or DHL. Service Guarantees What is guarantee? From Websters Dictionary, guarantee equals to an assurance of the fulfillment of a condition make by one individual to another individual. In the business context, a guarantee is a pledge or assurance that a product or service offered by a firm will perform as promised and, if not, then some form of reparation will be undertaken by the firm to the customers. Example: for tangible products, a guarantee is often done in the form of warranty. FedEx always stress out that their delivery service will be on time and they are confident and sure about this statement, but incident do happens, thats why FedEx offers service guarantee too to gain the customer confidence and belief in their delivery service. FedEx offers money back guarantee service to the customer if the package that they delivered didnt arrived to the destination within the promised time, customer can either request for a refund or transfer the money for the delivery service charges but under some terms and conditions. Chapter 9: The Hybrid Interface There are two types of hybrid interface which are people-led hybrid interface and machine-led hybrid interface. People-led hybrid interface People-led hybrid interface defined as an interface where interaction between human being and machine occurs in which people operate in the foreground and are supported by the machine (Rayport,2005). The interaction between human being with a machine can enhance the effectiveness or increase and productivity in the daily operation. The peoples who operates in the foreground and are supported by the machine needs to have the knowledge to manage and evaluate the state of the machine. For example, the people led interface incur when the FedEx driver driving the courier van to deliver goods and services to their ultimate customers. Hence, the interaction between the FedEx driver and the customers caused the FedEx driver to accomplish the task of delivering goods and services on time with enabling by the machine FedEx provide and deliver on time services to their customer in order to maintain the long term profitable relationship and develop the customer loyalty towards its company. Hence, FedEx has developed the innovation of the technology to support their daily operation. FedEx set up COSMO (Customer Operations Service Master On-line System) to monitor each stage of their delivery cycle. COSMO is a computerized packaged tracking system that allows the FedEx employees to key in the information needed by several ways (Technology innovation at FedEx, 2010). For example, FedEx customer service representatives key in the necessary information into COSMO by computer terminals to reach their customers, this mean that FedEx has apply the people-led hybrid interface where the customer service representative (human being) is enable by the COSMO (machine) to reach the customers. Besides, FedEx always giving supports and encourage their employees in order to allow them to be more innovative in the working environment and more confident in decision making process by providing quality results. FedEx is providing their employees to use the high technology hand-held tracker and the digitally assistant dispatch system (DADS). The hand-held tracker is used to records the information throughout the day and allow the couriers to scan the bar code on every waybill at each stage of delivery process. It helps to retain and transmit the information of the package such types of service required, destination and routing instruction as well as provide guidance to the couriers by a series of performance measurement. While, DADS is a small digitally assisted dispatch computer system that found in all couriers van to enable the couriers to administer their time and routes with high efficiency (Technology innovation at FedEx, 2010). For example, when the couriers return to the van, the information acquire is then downloaded from the hand-held trackers to the DADS in order to update the package location in the COSMO system. By using this type of people-led hybrid interface, it provides the customers a convenient ways to find out the time and location of their package. Hence, FedEx able to maintain positive control over its shipments and enhance their customer satisfaction by constant tracking with the interaction of the human and machine. Furthermore, FedEx develop its innovation technology by setting up the Command and Control system in their operation. Command and Control is the satellite to ground-level operation system which based at the Memphis SuperHub (Technology innovation at FedEx, 2010). FedEx used this system to act as a weather management tool and to check the traffic information in order to enable the FedEx Company deliver the package in any weather condition with the fastest and safest manner. For example, FedEx connect to over 750 customer service workstations, over 500 aircraft and traffic hubs around the world to ensure the coordination of inbound and outbound aircraft and thousands of delivery vehicles are in smooth condition and enable their employees to deliver the package on time to their customer to achieve customer satisfaction. Each types of hybrid interface used by FedEx Company have the benefits that improve the companys daily operation. People-led interface helps the front line employees of the FedEx to increase their work productivity and enhance the effectiveness and efficiency of their work. For example, with the high technology hand-held tracker, it helps the couriers to records and retains the information by scanning the bar code of the waybill in every stage of delivery process. Thus, it helps to increase the productivity and the efficiency of the work of front line employees. Besides, the people led machine interface helps FedEx to maintain their positive control over every single step of it shipment process to deliver the goods and services to the customers. It is because, when the couriers return to the van, the information is downloaded from its hand- held tracker to the DADS and immediately updated the package location in the COSMO system. Hence, it enables their customers to check their shipment status, delivery time and etc to provide 100% customer satisfaction. Furthermore, the interaction between human and machine interface enables FedEx to deliver goods and services to their customers with the fastest and safest route in any weather with the implementation of Command and Control system. FedEx using the NASA weather data and artificial intelligent to help the company selects the fastest, safest and most cost- effective way to deliver goods and services to the ultimate customer. The command and control system help FedEx to increase per capita output of their frontline employees and thus increase the quality of their interaction with customers. Machine-led hybrid interface Many business organizations have deployed the use of machine-led interface in their daily operation nowadays. Machine-led hybrid interface is defined as the interaction between the machine and human, where machines operate in the foreground and are supported by people (Rayport, 2005). It requires an output to ensure that the machine will always keep the user up to date in the progression of commands or execute commands in physical space. FedEx has set up 45 call centers in global to handle over 500,000 telephone calls from their customers around the world per day. FedExs call centre is a machine led hybrid interfaces that enable the machine (telephone) to be supported by the people (call centre representatives). It used for the purpose of receiving and transmitting a large volume of requests by telephone and is operate by the company to administer incoming product support or information inquiries from consumers. By setting up the call center, it allow the customers who prefer more personal touch than using high technology device and customers who need more in depth explanation and information about the shipping process to call and speak with the call centre representative regarding their problems. FedEx has developed its operation through online by creating their own company website and embedding the FedExs live chat into their official website. Through the companys web page, FedEx can connect with their customers and get their involvement into the chat room to engage the positive relationship between the company and their customers. When the customers need any further assistance or have any enquiries regarding their shipment status, they can use the Chat with FedEx function by fill in their personal details to start the chat session. Thus, the FedExs employees will reply the customer through this interactive chat medium immediately. Hence, with the interaction between FedExs live chat (machine) with the supported of the employees (human being), it helps the FedEx to improve their business operation to be more efficient and easily to get into the involvement with their customers internal process as well as enhance the customers relationship. The machine-led hybrid interface brings some benefits to FedEx such as cost saving and higher productivity. FedEx website allows the customers to track their shipment information or the status of the package based on the package number without calling to the service centre. Thus it helps FedExs service centre to operate more efficient and able to handle more than 100,000 tracking enquiries daily. Furthermore, the capability of the FedExs live chat was successfully helps the FedEx to saving up the investment cost of setting up more call centre. The machine-led hybrid interface leverage the human talents by distributing their personalities or the emotional intelligent in scalable way. Human being is excelling in conveying empathy and handling the exception; hence with the support of the frontline machine, it helps to increase the employees productivity by channeling their work more efficiently. For example, when the customers call to the service centre, the system will deliver the customer to the service provider via phone line. After that, the customer service representative will answer the call and handling the problem or enquiries from the customers and try to satisfy their needs and wants in a polite manner. Chapter 10: Delivering the Integrated Customer Experience Integration within Implementation Domains There are three types implementation domains: brand experience, interface and innovations. The brand experience it can help the organization build reputation and get awareness in connections with customers. It included company or brand name, logo, advertisement, and web design.( Rayport, F.J. Jawoski, J.B. 2005) -Brand Experience FedEx shows a global brand the fastest route to worldwide. In year 2009, FedEx has been honored as one of the 100 Best Companies to Work For in the United States. FedEx also has been ranked in Fortunes magazine as Global Most Admired Companies . -Logo FedEx has its own Corporation logos; each of it has its own version of the wordmark used for identification and branding. The FedEx name is incorporated as a simple distinct text-only typographic treatment to create a clear, visually memorable identity. For FedEx logo, the Fed is in purple and the Ex is in a grey for the overall corporation use. While, for the original FedEx logo had the Ex in orange. The FedEx wordmark is actually a notable hidden right-pointing arrow between the E and the X, which to emphasize the arrow shape. The concept of an arrow is to be promoted as a symbol for the speed and precision positioning, both FedEx communicative attributes. (Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia) Website has become a dominant technology. FedEx has its home page shipping resources source for everyone, so that customer could find out the information that the delivery services offer in their own region. FedEx website has created a quality website with full useful guidance and tools. In addition, a successful website should be able to lead the customers to take action. Such as, FedEx also allow the users to download FedEx Welcome Kit, so that it could help them optimize their shipping and manage account efficiently. -Interface Interface refers to the dynamic exchange of information in service that occurs between the company and the customers. Interactions with sales people face-to face, phone call, online chatting. ( Rayport, F.J. Jawoski, J.B. 2005) FedEx main focus is on customer service, so they will always have interaction with customers. If customer encounter any problems and make complaints they can even get to the customer support centre, faces-to- face interactions with FedEx staffs. The front office will handle the customer procurement and complaints. While, if customer have feedback or comments, they could email FedEx by select the appropriate service in order for a customer support representative to assist customers inquiry. -Innovations Innovations are a change in the product or services for adding something new that added features and benefits. The changes must increase product value, customer value, or producer value. The information about the package is just as important as the package itself. (Fred Smith, 1978). Today, FedEx provides customers access to real time information which has enabled new supply chain models and efficiencies. FedEx focus and improve built upon innovation and it continues to be an integral part of the FedEx culture and business strategy. The FedEx Innovation labs is an information technology project designed to create an atmosphere of collaborative thinking around critical technologies such as advanced optics for scanning, robotics, pervasive computing, biometrics, video object recognition etc.  The Labs house a research and development team tasked with looking at future technologies that have a 3-5 years production roadmap.   Integration across Implementation Domains Integration across implementation domains is more complex. It requires training program and expertise to create trustworthiness for customers. The Jobs at FedEx requires higher level of knowledge, experience, capabilities, and educated. FedEx need employs people with literature degrees, though FedEx might also need people holding with higher qualifications with MBAs. In addition, FedEx couriers receive roughly 50 hours of training per year. In order to maintain high quality service levels, training to be conducted by training professionals who understand the technicalities of the express transportation business. The courses from supply chain planning and logistics management to training on specific software programs, quality management and marketing sales. Linkages between the interface innovation To create linkages between the interface and innovation, the company must provide experiential encounters that are referred as dynamic, interactive, and innovative. ( Rayport, F.J. Jawoski, J.B. 2005). FedEx created corporate sponsorship and events. Beginning in 2007, FedEx became the title sponsor of the FedEx Cup, a championship trophy for the PGA Tour. FedEx is spent an estimated $44 million a year to sponsor the FedEx Cup, a full season of PGA Tour events culminating with a four-tournament playoff series to determine the top mens golfer, also Golf Digest reports. FedEx is trying to reach executives and other corporate decision makers. The PGA Tour has all the professional golfers from worldwide and its events are broadcast worldwide, and its appealed to FedEx. It is because FedEx is a global company; they needed to communicate to customers on global stage. FedEx is recognized by executives and consumers, by sponsoring such huge amount of cost and long run event it make sense bec ause it provides wide and extended exposure. So, this communications can provide new personalized experiential encounters between FedEx and the customers. Integrated marketing Integrated marketing is the process for managing customer relationships that drive brand value. In FedEx, within the marketing department activities are centered on customer segments. Each segment is staffed by a cross-functional team composed of manager, marketer, analyst, agency account executive, and may be a representative from the agency-managed fulfillment house. These cross-functional teams meet as frequently as necessary. E-mail has greatly facilitated this integration. All marketing vendors are connected to FedEx and to each other through the FedEx corporate e-mail system. The marketing communication can provide information to prospective customers. It can let the customers know about the service options available, cost, specific features, functions, and service benefits. FedEx has own customer information services department. It offering a customer service toll-free telephone line for customer questions. It is operated by an automated operator then will prompt the user to a live agent for uses of tracking, claims, scheduling pick-ups, locations, ordering supplies, setting up FedEx accounts, billing etc. However, the customers can get information in FedEx website which is http://www.fedex.com/my/ .One of the roles of marketing communication is persuade target customers that service offers best solution to meet their needs and build relationship with them. The company added on a facility on the official website for consumers to be able to track their packages from the Internet. Marketing at FedEx has two IT work teams supporting its efforts. The teams a re physically located within the marketing building and report to both the IT and marketing organizations. FedEx  marketing mix  strategy  affected the  retention rate  prevailing within the industry.   Marketing communication can also help maintain relationships with existing customers. It requires comprehensive, up-to-date customer database and ability to make use of this in a personalized way. FedEx marketing database contains a complete picture of all the companys customers worldwide, and their FedEx transactions. So, they can turn customer data into customer knowledge, to satisfy the customers needs. e) Marketing communications mix -Personal communications FedEx become a well known company through word of mouth. What really has established a good repute for FedEx is the consistence in providing good quality services  to its consumers. So, the customers will spread the positive words of FedEx to others. FedEx provides excellent  customer care  in this  service-based industry, this enhance an emotional connection between FedEx and its customers. -Advertising Advertising  is a form of  communication  intended to  persuade  an audience to purchase or take some action upon products, ideals, or services. FedEx has the TV commercial video ads. The advertising campaign launched to reflect on the new feature provided by FedEx also identified the expanded international capability of the company, appealing to a  global audience  to try FedEx services.  One of the best known ad campaigns is We Live to Deliver. This creates a huge impact for the company. One of the package deliveries giants biggest web campaigns, which running on You

Boadicea Essay -- essays research papers

Boadicea was she a powerful ruler, or a merciless general? Many questions arise when you begin to explore her accomplishments or many would even say failures. Most of the information on Boadicea has been derived from myths and most of what is written about her is from the words of her Roman enemies. During the creation and rule of the Roman Empire, Rome would constantly be aiming to take over the entire known world. Consequently Boadicea and her people of Britannia clashed. Julius Caesar was the first to take over Britain; he forced 6 powerful barbarian tribes to become a part of the Roman Empire. Iceni was amongst them, which happened to be the tribe of the famous Boadicea and her husband Prasutagus. However, Caesar and his army left that same year because they found the conditions too cold. Later in 43 AD Claudius Nero came into power. A man who was both cruel and pitiless, in his lifetime he managed to not only kill both his wives, his brother, and his mother but was known to go around the streets at night killing random men. Nero who wanted so badly to earn the respect of his Roman citizens decided to retake Britain. Boadicea was born into aristocracy in the year 30 AD she then married the ruler of the Iceni tribe. She had two daughters during their marriage. When the Roman army invaded her city her husband Prasutagus agreed to leave all his accumulated wealth to the Roman Emperor. Prasutagus did this in the hope that his country would be taken in piece but Nero did no...

Awareness and Adoption of E Banking in Pakistan

Abstract: This study aims to understand customers’ perception towards adoption and awareness of electronic banking in Pakistan. The outcomes would help the policy makers to develop effective strategies for future outlook of electronic banking in a country. The results suggest that banks’ customers in Pakistan perceive electronic banking as a tool for minimizing inconvenience, minimizing risk of carrying cash and time saving. Customers further believe that electronic banking increases chances of government access to public data, increases chances of fraud and data losses. It reduces cost and save our precious time. There are also some limitations of e-banking as it requires skills to operate it and passwords can be hacked. This research paper discussed that people of Pakistan are well aware of electronic banking but they are not satisfied with the services provided by the bank and they also feel risk in that service that’s why they trust more on employees. It contains different demographics and their association with research questions. The results conclude that various customers segments do not differ in opinions towards benefits and risks associated with e-banking. This paper also includes recommendations in which it describes that what strategies the banks should choose to increase the satisfaction of customers Keywords: electronic banking; e-banking; customers’ perception; adoption; Pakistan, e-banking in Pakistan, e-banking, SMS banking, ATM I. INTRODUCTION The developments taking place in information and communication technology are increasing competition in financial institutions worldwide. Development of electronic distribution channels in financial industry has completely transformed the traditional bank–customer relationship in recent years. It has reduced personal contacts between the service providers and the customers (Barnes and Howlett, 1998). The scenario is further changed with increased competition among banks and non-bank financial institutions (Zineldin, 1996). Thus an enhanced understanding of why some people adopt one distributional channel and others do not, alongside an identification of the factors that may influence this decision is vital to investigate (Patricio, 2003). Thus, the deployment of advanced technologies is essential to achieve a competitive edge. In the world of banking, the development of information technology has an enormous effect on development of more flexible payments methods and more-user friendly banking services. Recently, the banking industry was highly affected by the technology evolution that transformed the way banks deliver their services, using technologies such as automated teller machines, phones, the Internet, credit cards, and electronic cash. In line with global trends, electronic banking in Pakistan has been undergoing many changes. Electronic banking is a term for the process by which a customer may perform banking transactions electronically without visiting a brick-and-mortar institution. Electronic banking refers to systems that enable bank customers to access accounts and general information on bank products and services through a personal computer (PC) or other intelligent device. There are many benefits of e-banking as it provides easy way to monitor an account, we can shop, pay bills, buy items at auction, and transfer money from anywhere at any time, it reduces costs, it saves time, and vice versa. Objectives This study focuses on awareness and adoption of electronic banking in Pakistan. Our objectives of this research were to: 1. Check awareness of electronic banking in Pakistan. 2. Check why people are not aware of electronic banking. 3. Know if the people are aware of electronic banking then to how much extent. 4. Check whether banks of Pakistan are providing electronic banking or not. 5. To find the critical attributes that customers expect important while using electronic banking. 6. To find the key variables that affect customers’ evaluations towards risk associated with electronic banking. 7. To understand the relationship between demographic characteristics of customers and their perceptions towards electronic banking. 8. To present results and implications which are insightful to researchers and banks interested in electronic banking. This research is important because it tells bankers that how much people in Pakistan are aware of and adopt the electronic banking and to how much extend. It also tells them to improve their e-banking services in Pakistan. Electronic banking in Pakistan State-owned banks dominated the Pakistani financial market before 1990. The government introduced economic liberalization policies in 1991 when two smaller banks, Muslim Commercial Bank and Allied Bank were privatized. Since then, the government continuously advocated the privatization of existing state-owned enterprises and encouraged the private and foreign banks to setup their businesses in the country. Recent acquisition of locally owned Union Bank by Standard Chartered Bank indicates foreign interest in domestic financial market. According to State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) annual report (2005), there were 35 commercial banks, including 16 private banks (with 797 branches), 11 foreign banks (with 82 branches), 4 privatized banks (with 4,141 branches) and 4 public banks (with 1,543 branches), respectively. Electronic banking is an innovation in the series of technological wonders. Automated teller machine (ATM), telephone banking, internet banking, credit cards and debit cards, etc. have emerged as effective delivery channels for traditional banking products. In Pakistan, foreign banks took a lead by introducing ATM and credit cards in mid-1990s followed by domestic banks in late 1990s. Annual Report of SBP (2003, p. 110) explained this delay in electronic banking largely by regulatory hurdles, higher startup costs, an ongoing banking sectors reforms and lack of technical skills. The government also introduced Electronic Transaction Ordinance in 2002. This ordinance provides legal recognition to digital signatures and documentation. Thus reducing the risks associated with the use of electronic medium of business. At present, almost all commercial banks in Pakistan have setup their ATM networks, issuing debit and credit cards and have joined one of the two operating ATM Switch Networks. According to Kolachi (2006) Pakistani banks provide the following online banking services and products. 1. Enquiry, account statement enquiry, account balance enquiry, check statement enquiry, fixed deposit enquiry 2. Payment, funds transfer, credit card payments, direct payments, utility bills payments 3. Request, checkbook request, stop payment request, demand draft request, new fixed deposit request 4. Download, customer profile, statement download, other information and guidelines downloads. 4 Literature review Consumers’ perceptions towards adoption of electronic banking have attracted many researchers in recent years. Thornton and White (2001) who compared seven distribution electronic channels available for banks in US concluded that customers’ orientation such as convenience, service, technology change, knowledge about computing and availability of internet affected the usage of different channels. According to Hagel and Hewlin (1997) the Internet banking became very attractive to customers and lots of banks because the technology is being accepted by them and they can now understand and have information about the complex products. Nowadays banks are also facing a lot of competition and need a high market share and provide better services to its customers so that they can attract the new customers and old customers do not try to leave them. Howcroft et al. 2002) found that the most important factors that have encouraged consumers to use online banking are lower fees followed by reducing paper work and human error which subsequently minimize the human disputes (Kiang et al. , 2000). Byers and Lederer, (2001 ) concluded that it was changing consumer attitudes rather than bank cost structures that determines the changes in distribution channels; they added that virtual banks can only be profitable when the segment that prefers electronic media is approximately twice the size of th e segment preferring street banks. Decrease in percentage of customers visiting banks with an increase in alternative channels of distribution will also minimize the queues in branches (Thornton and White, 2001). Internet banking increases power of the customers to make price comparison across suppliers quickly and easily, which subsequently pushes the price and margins downwards (Devlin, 1995). Although, electronic banking provides many opportunities for the banks, it is also the case that the current banking services provided through Internet are limited due to security concerns, complexity and technological problems (Sathye, 1999: Mols, 1999). Risks associated to electronic banking Although internet provides many opportunities for banks but it is the case that current banking services through internet are limited due to security concerns, complexity and technological problems (Mols, 1999; Sathye, 1999). Hewer and Howcroft (1999) referred the term trust to measure a risk. While, Suganthi et al. (2001) viewed risk in context of security concerns and risk in context of trust in one’s bank. Finally, a number of studies also found trust and perceived risks have a significant positive influence on ommitment (Bhattacherjee, 2002; Mukherjee and Nath, 2003) and ultimately leads towards overall satisfaction (Rexha et al. , 2003). Reputation of a service provider is another important factor affecting trust. Doney and Cannon (1997) defined reputation as the extent to which customers believe a supplier or service provider is honest and concern about its customers. Tyler and Stanley (1999) argued that banks can build close and lo ng-lasting relationship with customers only if trust, commitment, honesty and cooperation are developed between them. Nancy et al. 2001) study found that customers’ complaint about computer logon time which are usually longer than making a telephone call. Further, the respondents felt that they have to check and recheck the forms filled online, as they are worried about making mistakes. Frequent slow response time and delay of service delivery causes customers to be unsure about the completion of a transaction (Jun and Cai, 2001). Min and Galle (1999) found crashes in operating systems and disruption of information access as common factors related to unwillingness to use internet channels for commerce. Liao and Cheung (2002) found that individual expectations regarding accuracy, security, transaction speed, user friendliness, user involvement and convenience are the most important attributes in the perceived usefulness of internet-based e-retail banking. Confidentiality of consumer data is another important concern in adoption of online banking (Gerrad and Cunningham, 2003). Customers fear about someone’s unlimited access to personal financial information. White and Nteli (2004) focused on why the internet usage has not been increased in UK as compared to internet usage for banking purposes? Results found that the customers still have concerns about the security and safety aspects of the internet. Lack of internet accessibility and a provision of documentary evidence for all transactions are found important hurdles in the development of electronic banking in Thailand (Jaruwachirathanakul and Fink, 2005). Laforet and Li (2005) found that habit of carrying cash, less accessibility of internet and documentary proof of financial transaction as important hurdles in adoption, in case of China. Lack of specific laws to govern internet banking is another important concern for users. It covers issues such as unfair and deceptive trade practice by supplier, unauthorized access by hackers. Larpsiri et al. (2002) argued that it is not clear whether electronic documents and records are acceptable as sufficient evidence of transactions. Another issue is the jurisdiction of the courts and dispute resolution procedures in case of using internet for commercial purpose. Dispute can arise from many issues. For instance, websites is not branch of the bank. It is difficult for the court to define location of branch and decide whether they have jurisdiction (Rotchanakitumnuai and Speece, 2003). Other risks associated to electronic banking are job losses, lack of opportunities to socialize and development of lazy society were mentioned by (Black et al. , 2001). Demographic factors Gender alone is not a significant factor, affecting adoption of technology in general (Gefen and Straub, 1997). However, Kolodinsk et al. (2004) found that married couples are more likely to adopt the new technology than either single males or females. Research has also linked age and adoption of technology, as young people are more likely to adopt technology (Lee et al. , 2002). Maturity in population in terms of knowledge, confidence and comfort in computer usage also increase influence towards online banking (Karjaluoto et al. , 2002). Increase in income and education have found positive effects on adoption (Lockett and Littler, 1997; Sarel and Marmorstein, 2003). Mattilia et al. (2003) indicated that young, educated and wealthy consumers are most likely to adopt internet banking in Finland. Mature customers prefer personal service and a printed receipt of their transactions. Mature customers also perceive internet banking to be more costly than paying bills over the counter. Methodology The study was conducted in Lahore city which is the second largest city of Pakistan and represents almost 20% of all branches network. Branches for survey were selected on convenience basis but after the permission of respective branch managers. Survey covered both residential and commercial areas. In this research data is conducted by using questionnaire as a data collection instrument, in which questions were asked starting from their command on computer and internet usage, following with the awareness of electronic banking and its types, about the benefits of e-banking and then some questions regarding their bank services and the security provide by these banks. The questionnaire includes close-ended questions and they were on liker scale of utilizing a five point categorical. IV. EMPIRICAL RESULTS There is â€Å"table † which shows gender wise association with research questions No. Question| Gender| | Total| P – values| | | | Male| Female| | | | | | | | | | | 1| Aware of electronic banking| 196| 200| 396| 0. 011| | 2| Your bank provides electronic banking facility| 190| 195| 385| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | 3| Aware of SMS banking| 196| 195| 391| 0. 036| | | | | | | | | 4| Aware of INTERNET banking| 189| 198| 387| 0. 010| | | | | | | | | 5| Aware of ATM card usag e| 193| 198| 391| 0. 054| | | | | | | | | 6| Aware of PHONE banking| 193| 199| 392| 0. 272| | | | | | | | | 7| Satisfied with the E-banking services provided by| | | | | | | bank| 192| 198| 390| 0. 08| | | | | | | | | 8| Satisfied with the security of E-banking provide by| | | | | | | bank| 191| 195| 386| 0. 068| | | | | | | | | 9| Want to use e-banking facilities in future| 194| 197| 391| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | Table shows the different questions and their association with gender. First question is about awareness of electronic banking. Total respondents who answered this question were 396 in which 196 were male respondents and 200 were female respondents. Its result shows that awareness of electronic banking is dependent on gender. Next question was answered by 385 total respondents from which the amount of male and female were 190 and 195 respectively. Its results show that providing e-banking services by banks were highly dependent on gender. Third one is about awareness of SMS banking which was answered by 196 male and 195 female respondents. Its result shows that awareness of SMS banking is also dependent on gender. Now the next question is about Internet banking awareness which was answered by 189 male respondents and 198 female respondents and its result shows that awareness of internet banking is dependent on gender. Next question is about awareness of ATM card usage. Total 391 respondents answered that question from which the amount of male and female were 193 and 198 respectively. It results shows that awareness of ATM card usage is not dependent on gender. Now there is a question about Phone banking awareness so total 392 respondents answered that question from which 193 were male and 199 were female and its result shows that phone banking awareness is not dependent on gender. Now the seventh question was asked by respondents about their satisfaction about e-banking services providing by their banks and total 390 answered that question and its result shows that satisfaction about e-banking services providing by banks is depends on gender. Now there is second last question which was answered by 191 male and 195 female respondents and its result shows that satisfaction about security of e- banking providing by banks is not depends on gender. Last question is about the using e-banking service in future and its results are highly dependent on gender. | | Aware of electronic banking| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | strongly| | | | | | | | | disagree| disagree| neutral| agree| strongly agree| Total| | Gender| Male| 13| 28| 46| 64| 45| 196| | | | | | | | | | | | Female| 31| 32| 53| 57| 27| 200| | Total| | 44| 60| 99| 121| 72| 396| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Now there is a table which shows the description of the question, â€Å"Aware of electronic banking †. It shows the amount of respondents from strongly disagree to strongly agree. The highest figures of people are agreed about awareness of e-banking. In male respondents 64 were agree which is 33% of total male respondents. Likewise, in female respondents 57 were agreeing about it which is 29% of total females. | | | High| | | Post| | | | No. | Question| Primary| School| Secondary| Graduate| Graduate| Frequency| P-values| | 1| Aware of electronic banking| 8| 7| 10| 195| 164| 384| 0. 000| | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Use debit or credit cards for| | | | | | | | | | online transactions| 8| 6| 8| 191| 163| 376| 0. 008| | | | | | | | | | | | 3| Aware of ATM card usage| 8| 7| 10| 193| 163| 381| 0. 030| | | | | | | | | | | | | Aware of PHONE banking| 8| 7| 10| 194| 161| 380| 0. 155| | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Feel risk about hacking of| | | | | | | | | | passwords| 8| 7| 10| 192| 161| 378| 0. 555| | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Satisfied with the E-banking| | | | | | | | | | services provide by bank| 8| 7| 9| 191| 163| 378| 0. 269| | | | | | | | | | | | | More trust on the bank| | | | | | | | | 7| employees with communication| | | | | | | | | | tha n E-banking| 8| 7| 10| 191| 163| 379| 0. 680| | 8| Want to use e-banking facilities| | | | | | | | | | in future| 8| 7| 9| 192| 163| 379| 0. 69| | | | | | | | | | | | In this table there is a demographic of education whose relationship with research questions is given in above table. No. | | | | | | | | | Age| | | | | | | | Question| | | Below| 20 -| 30 -| 40 -| 50 -| Above| Frequency| P-values| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 19| 29| 39| | 49| 59| 60| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 1| Have full command on computer| | 91| 241| 30| | 16| 10| 3| 391| 0. 034| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 2| Involved in banking transactions| | 91| 239| 30| | 14| 14| 3| 391| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Awareness of usefulness of| | | | | | | | | | | | | electronic banking| | | | 91| 238| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 392| 0. 004| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 4| Your Banks provides online technical| | | | | | | | | | | | assistance or 24 helpline| | 88| 240| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 391| 0. 002| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 5| Use debit or credit cards for online| | | | | | | | | | | | transactions| | | | 90| 237| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 390| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 6| Aware of INTERNET banking| | 91| 238| 29| | 14| 14| 3| 389| 0. 443| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Aware of PHONE banking| | 91| 240| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 394| 0. 105| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 8| It provides| easy| way| to monitor| a| | | | | | | | | | | | account| | | | | 91| 242| 30| | 16| 14| 3| 396| 0. 019| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 9| Feel risk about hacking of passwords| 91| 239| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 392| 0. 089| | | | | | | | | | | | | | 10| Have easy access to ATM machine| | 88| 240| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 390| 0| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 11| Satisfied| with| the| E-banking| | | | | | | | | | | | services provide by bank| | 90| 240| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 392| 0. 47| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 12| Satisfied| with| the| security| of| | | | | | | | | | | | E-banking provide by bank| | 89| 239| 28| | 16| 13| 3| 388 | 0. 004| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | 13| More trust on the bank employees| | | | | | | | | | | | with communication than E-banking| 90| 241| 30| | 16| 13| 3| 393| 0. 036| | | | | | | | | | | | | | Above table shows the relationship of research questions with age. In first question it is asked about command on computer. This question was answered by total 391 respondents from which from which 91 respondents had age less than 19.